Ataxia

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Ataxia is a disorder whose main manifestation is the decrease in the ability to coordinate voluntary movements.

It is usually caused by disorders that alter the function of the cerebellum, or because there is some irregularity in the main pathways that lead the nerve impulses in or out of it. The main symptom of ataxia is the difficulty in coordinating movements. The term ataxia can be used interchangeably to refer to a symptom, or to name a degenerative disease of the nervous system that deals with this phenomenon.

The classification of ataxias can be divided into two groups: hereditary: they are transmitted from generation to generation, although they do not necessarily appear in all generations

And acquired: they are not present at birth, but appear during the life of the individual as a result of environmental influence or disease processes, so they are not transmitted to the descendants.

The causes of ataxia are very varied. When it appears abruptly, the main triggering agents to think about are:

Cranioencephalic trauma; Stroke (stroke); Brain abscess; Viral infections; Surgical procedures; Alcohol.

Consumption of certain drugs or toxic substances (phenytoin, barbiturates, lithium).

Ataxia affects the coordination of movements, and may produce the following symptoms:

  • Difficulty in carrying out voluntary movements in a coordinated and precise manner.
  • Difficulty walking and maintaining balance in standing (supported on both feet in an upright position).
  • Dysarthria (difficulty in articulating the words when speaking). The patient may also have difficulty controlling the volume or tone of speech.
  • Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), which can cause choking and suffocation.
  • Less facial expression.
  • Tremor.
  • Nystagmus (rapid, involuntary, rhythmic and repetitive eye movements, they can be vertical, horizontal or circular).
  • Pie cavo (foot with excessive plantar arch).
  • Vision problems.

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